What Is a Molecular Orbital

A molecular orbital is an orbital or wave function of a molecules electron. The function may be used to calculate the probability of finding an electron within a specified space or to predict the molecules chemical and physical properties. Robert Mulliken introduced the term orbital in 1932 to describe a one-electron orbital wave function. Electrons around a molecule can be associated with more than one atom and are often expressed as a combination of atomic orbitals. Atomic orbitals within a molecule can interact if they have compatible symmetries. The number of molecular orbitals is equal to the number of atomic orbitals combined to form a molecule.

New Growing Trend Identity Theft - 859 Words

Whether you have been a victim of identity theft or not, the author of the article â€Å"Identity Theft Is a Growing Danger† has educated a neutral audience about the different ways identities are stolen. Overall, the article used pathos effectively to support the identity theft claim by capturing quotes from actual identity theft victims and the author utilized scare tactics to inform the neutral audience about the various ways that identity theft can happen and to help protect their identity on and offline. Based on the article, scare tactics were used to heighten awareness about identity theft, the author wrote about educating on the growing danger of identity theft using a pathos approach, and the article was effective by listing out all†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"Scam Alert† for The AARP Bulletin columnist, writes about targeting the 50 and over crowd on various scam alerts that have been discovered. As a scam-alert expert, Kirchheimer points out ways to protect identities on and offline in several articles and columns that he has wrote. After reviewing Kirchheimer’s articles and columns and the fact that he is an award winning consumer crusader, entitles him as an expert in preventing identity theft. The article â€Å"Identity Theft Is a Growing Danger† was written to educate readers about identity theft. Of course, the author wrote using scare tactics that involved frightening situations in the article to try to persuade a neutral audience. Additionally, the author took the topic of identity theft and showed a pathos appeal by inserting real victims into the article. Here is an example of Kirchheimer’s scare tactics and pathos appeal that appeared together in the article: â€Å"Before he could regain access to his account, his identity thief used information gleaned from Rutbergs page to prove he was the stranded West Coast business executive—convincing one friend to wire $1,200. If youre looking to impersonate someone, Facebook is a good place to start, Rutberg says. My page had the names and photographs of my wife, kids, parents, friends, where I went to high school and college—all kinds of personal information.† For example, notice how Kirchheimer uses the pathos in the first sentence, â€Å"to prove he was theShow MoreRelatedIdentity Theft : Trends And Issues1224 Words   |  5 Pages Identity Theft: Trends and Issues Identity Theft: Trends and Issues Identity theft is the fastest growing fraud crime in America (Finklea, 2009). Gaining knowledge in preventing theft will better the economy and lower the crime rates in America. There are reported 9.9 million victims of identity theft and this number is increasing rapidly as the years go on. It has been reported that an estimate of fifty billion dollars has been charged to our consumersRead MoreQuestions On Identity Theft And Theft894 Words   |  4 Pagesproject is identity theft. What is identity theft? How do I find out if anyone is spying on me or has stolen my information? What should be the next steps after finding out that you’re the victim? How do I report a fraud activity from my credit report? How can I prevent identity theft? 2) How is the topic important to you and how does it affect you? What do you personally hope to gain or accomplish by writing about this topic? My topic is identity theft. I’ve been a identity theft victim beforeRead More California SB 1386 Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pagesresidents from one of its fastest growing crimes: identity theft. SB 1386 (Civil Code 1798.29) requires businesses to notify California residents if a security breach results in disclosure of personal electronic data. All businesses are subject to this law regardless of size, location, or operations. Business owners should be aware of the problems associated with identity theft, the steps required to comply with SB 1386, and the preventative measures available. Identity theft is a significant problem toRead MoreInformation Privacy1353 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing made by the officials to make sure that protection of private data and its privacy is not forgotten and also the attempts are capable to cope up with the new advances in technology. The main issue is that any rule that has been implemented to safeguard the data now can become outdated quickly due to change in technology. The analysis trend and information technology’s impact including issues related to security of information, evolution of Internet, and tension of public regarding use of informationRead MoreIdentifying The Different Ways Online Identity Theft1462 Words   |  6 Pagesways online identity theft can be achieved by a cybercriminal Identity theft is when your personal details are stolen. Identity theft occurs when someone steals your personal information with the intention to access bank accounts for example, or commit many other crimes in your name and at your expense. Identity theft is a growing threat in the uk which is increasing at a rapid rate. It is said that it could be one of the leading threats in the coming years. Analysis of fraud trends in 2012 revealedRead MorePrivacy issues of Social Networking Sites1156 Words   |  5 Pages damaged reputation due to rumours and gossip, unwanted contact and harassment or stalking, surveillance-like structures due to backtracking functions, use of personal data by third-parties, and hacking and identity theft.† (p. 83-84) At first, identity theft is defined by the Identity Theft Resource Centre (2009) as a criminality in which a deceiver acquires crucial pieces of personal identifying information, which is then utilised for their personal benefits. It could be accomplished effortlesslyRead MoreCriminal Justice Trends Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesIt would be a complete understatement to say there weren’t any trends that the criminal justice system was being plagued with. Between gangs, terrorism and crime in general we have a huge problem on our hands rather it be old news and a new crime trend. For the criminal justice system right now the possible retaliation from terrorist and what sort of technology advancement they might come with is going to be at the top of our list. In the past (early 2000) the criminal justice system foundRead MoreHow Far Is Too Far When It Comes Privacy?972 Words   |  4 PagesHow far is too far when it comes to privacy? In a rapidly developing digital age, the boundaries are constantly expanding as new technology emerges. Data mining is not going away, so the debate on privacy becomes increasingly relevant. The line between what is ethical and unethical quickly become blurred, and certain entities are bound to take advantage of that gray area. Corporations claim they are collecting private data for marketing research to serve more relevant advertising and increase profitsRead MoreTheories and Trends in Identity Theft2054 Words   |  8 Pagesstrives explains certain aspects of identity theft. The work has first defined identity theft as basically the act of impersonating people so as to gain access to their financial statements. On the other hand, some theories and concepts explain the origin of certain behaviours and ac ts like identity theft. These theories include social systems theory and theft identity theory. There are trends in this type crime that are worth noting and UK is a good reference to this trend. The crime also has some effectsRead MoreThe Epidemic Growth Of Information Technology2646 Words   |  11 Pagesworld into a global economy where exchange of information is very easy, and with this ease of access to information opens up new opportunities for cyber- criminal activities. According to Nir Kshetri cybercrimes is defined â€Å"as criminal activities that uses computers or computer networks as the main means of committing a crime over the internet. Examples include cyber-theft, cyber-trespass, cyber obscenity, critical infrastructure attacks and cyber-extortions†(Kshetri, 2009). In the medical sector

Loch Ness Monster free essay sample

Beast of the Lake Say you were fishing at on the Loch, and out of nowhere the water starts to move. A head and two humps start to emerge from the water Just to disappear. What would you do? What would you think? Would you have ever thought is it real or not? What do you think this mysterious creature could be? There are a lot of possibilities on what it is. For those of you who havent heard of Nessie, the mystery of the Loch Ness Monster is quite interesting. Nessie is named after the Lake, Loch Ness. But also the Loch means Lake in an old Gaelic language of Scotland. Its 23 miles long and about a ile wide. The first sighting of Nessie took place in 585 A. D. The most recent sighting was on June 6th, 2009. Nessie is about 16 feet long and has a head and a tail. There are a lot of theories about, if Nessie is real or not. So let me ask you do you think its real, fake, or is it Just an elaborate hoax? Most people do think that Nessie is real. A lot of people that go to the Loch have seen Nessie. It seems like the summers when its hot out Nessie is seen the most. It might Just be because of the warmness of the sun on its body that makes it want to come to the surface of the water. On June 7, 1974 monster hunter, Frank Serle approached a barbed wire fence near the beach front. He and a lady heard a splash. When they looked they both saw these things that were about two feet long, dark gray, fat bodies, long necks, small head with protruding eyes, and snake like tails. They both had two stumps looking like appendages on their bodies. Now if Nessie is real, is it possible that she or he had babies? If there are babies, doesnt there have to be a mom to raise them? To have babies a male and female have to of had intercourse, like all the other mammals have to. So is it really possible that there is more than Just one Loch Ness Monster living in the Lake? If there is, then its also possible that when people are seeing the Loch Ness Monster that its not the same one every time. If its not the same one every time, maybe when one goes down then another might come up. Then if so then it is actually possible that there is more than Just one. The Lake is big enough to have more than one. Now let me ask you a question from the possibilities that I have given you. Do you think that a Loch Ness Monster Family exist in the Loch? Here is another sighting or story of Nessie: On July 1930, three young men were fishing in a boat out on the lake. They were on the southern part of the lake. They then saw the water start to become disturbed from about 600 yards away. Then they saw a large creature start to come up from the water. The creature started to swim towards them but when it got within 300 yards of the boat it turned away. Now, to this story, I wonder is wouldnt Nessie be afraid to come that close. A lot of the stories you hear, people say as soon as Nessie sees them she immediately swims way or goes back beneath the water. Doesnt it seem a little bit like a lie? If Nessie is so afraid to come near people, then why did Nessie get close to these people? On a daily basis if people see it, Nessie is Just going to swim away. I dont see why Nessie would risk coming so close to this boat. Im on the side where I dont think the Loch Ness Monster is real at all. There are several ways and reasons that Nessie is Just a fake. It could be a hoax, prank, folklore, or Just a tall-tale. Could it Just a tree branch? Lets talk about the hoax and prank first. One prank most commonly found on the nternet is called The Surgeons Photograph. As it turns out this boy had a toy submarine, put a fake head on it, and someone took a picture. This was one of the best Nessie hoaxes until he confessed. I even have my own hoax or prank. Would it be possible to take some kind of wood and cut out a head and two humps, like the way Nessie looks? Then you could paint them black. Take a piece of pipe the width of your cut outs. Then on those pieces of pipe, put caps on both ends, but make sure there is no water in the pipe Just air. Take your cut outs of Nessie and attach them to the pipe. Take some rope and connect all three pieces together. Then go out and put it in the water. But you have to be beneath the surface so you don let people realize its fake. Let it sit for a couple minutes and bring the pieces under the water one by one. It might not work and it might. Then again this wouldnt work unless you made the pieces three-dimensional. If someone is standing somewhere where they can Just see that its fake. Then your not prank in anybody. So you would have to make your pieces three dimensional that way no matter where youre standing its going to look real. Nessie has been seen very early in time. Could it Just be folklore or a tall-tale? We all have met those people that when they tell a story they like to exaggerate the truth. Is this how the Loch Ness Monster came to be? When Nessie was first seen maybe it was Just a really big fish, but got away from the fishermen. Then he went back into town and said something like, l Just saw this monster down in the lake. It was 5 foot long and had these protruding eyes that Just looked at me. Now doesnt that sound a little too far fetched, if this is how Nessie started in the beginning. No telling how many people and how many times people have changed and over exaggerated the story. So this I could see happening but Nessie being real, I cant. It seems like the one that can be seen spiraling out of control. Is it possible that it could be a tree branch? Tree branches can be shaped with two humps and an end that comes up like a head. If it was a tree branch wouldnt it be too heavy to float? If it was too heavy it would Just sink, but it could float if it was on a high spot in the lake. Say youre looking at this thing in the water you dont know hat it is. You go to turn around and talk to someone, or look down to get your camera ready. Then you turn back around and look back where you saw the thing and its gone, it Just disappeared. You would be thinking Its real I Just saw it. But how do you really know that its real when you didnt see it move or anything. While you werent looking the water could have shifted and moved the tree branch to where it sinks in the water. You would never have known what happened all because you werent looking and doing something else. There probably were people that saw t and watched it until they saw the water move it and sink it. They would know that it was not real. In talking about all these stories and theories if the Loch Ness Monster is real or not, I still believe that the monster is Just a fake. There are Just too many contradictions. It you are undecided, my best suggestion would be to go over to Scotland yourselt and find out if its real or not. But you better be prepared for what some people will say to you. You will here statements like, you are lying, thats not real, its a fake, or you are Just saying that to get attention

Customer Relationship Marketing Essay Research Paper Literature free essay sample

Customer Relationship Marketing Essay, Research Paper Literature Review The Evolving Gross saless and Marketing Landscape Selling and concern development professionals are facing a quickly different and altering concern landscape. The traditional concern theoretical account that was one time the criterion is now being transformed due to engineering drivers that make advanced selling and gross revenues capablenesss possible. The concern theoretical account of yesterday supported mass selling, mass production, and standardized cookie-cutter merchandises and services. Enterprises will hold autumn behind the competition if they continue to trust and run on this deficient theoretical account. Today, companies are re-engineering their operations and puting in enhanced IT infrastructures, which enable them to supply customized, individualized, information-rich merchandises and services. The new aim for sellers and concern developers involves understanding the demands of their clients and the markets that they serve. This new focal point on supplying client value is redefining concern procedures. Professionals, who understand and anticipate this displacement, are positioning themselves in front of the competition. The Impact of Technology Enabled Business Processes There is no denying the consequence that engineering has had on the manner we conduct concern. In recent old ages, engineering has begun to play a significantly larger function in all facets of concern, including gross revenues and selling. Business processes must be re-engineered to integrate a pro-active scheme for utilizing information and IT to construct a competitory advantage over other organisations. In many cases, the functionality provided by gross revenues and selling engineering merely automates current procedures. Therefore, it is imperative that procedures are clearly defined and good proven. Automatizing a ill understood or followed procedure normally consequences in failure. Technology must be used as an enabler to back up an already sound gross revenues and selling scheme. Beyond automatizing gross revenues and selling capablenesss, engineering is now designed to supply professionals with a wealth of information about their company? s clients and the markets that they serve. Companies are now able to roll up informations about their clients that when analyzed and utilised decently, can ensue in a competitory advantage. Online shopping is a premier illustration. If a client makes a purchase, so the dealing is completed and gross is generated. However, if a gross revenues dealing is non made, the company still collects the shopper? s behavioural informations and shops it in a selling database. The company so has the chance to section and analyze this information in order to larn more about that peculiar client shopping wonts. An analysis can so be performed to find why this individual did non do a purchase every bit good as what can be done otherwise to carry this individual to purchase their merchandise. The company can now place the four Ps of selling: merchandise, monetary value, publicity, and topographic point to better function this client. This procedure the company has taken unlitmately succeeds in developing a relationship with the client. The company now knows more about what the clients penchants are and how to offer them. Consequently, the client has a vested involvement in the relationship every bit good, and is more likely to carry on concern with that company in the hereafter. The Shift to Relationship Selling Though many of today # 8217 ; s selling patterns have evolved due to increasing engineering, the selling environment still centers around the four Ps of marketing described above. However, in order to stay competitory, companies must make a alone set of those four Ps which appeal to each single client and sets them apart from their rivals. Target selling is no longer an efficient usage of selling attempts because a great trade of resources can be lost to uninterested persons while in the procedure of seeking to capture possible clients. Because of the possible loss of resources, there is now a motion off from aiming markets to specific single clients. What is now required is customer-oriented relationship selling. Many surveies have shown that it can be anyplace from four to ten times every bit much to get a new profitable client as it does to keep repetition purchasers. These statistics are one of the drive forces behind the move to relationship selling, which focuses its accent on client keeping instead than attractive force. This type of scheme calls for a different type of selling technique that is client and information driven as opposed to merchandise driven. With this in head, sellers and concern developers are now seeking new ways to obtain, manage, and analyze information on their clients. As we are progressively finding, one of the most effectual ways of capturing and utilizing client informations for selling and gross revenues attempts is by puting in engineerings such as a client relationship direction system ( CRMs ) . The Benefits of a Customer Relationship Management System Harmonizing to the Gartner Group, the term CRM describes methodological analysiss, package, and normally Internet capablenesss that help an endeavor manage client relationships in an organized manner. From a technological point of view, CRM can be categorized as the largest digest of IT concepts to day of the month. It involves traveling the ownership of clients off from single sections to the endeavor degree. In add-on, its focal point is besides on best functioning the demands of each client on a personal degree instead than functioning the demands of mark markets as a whole. The primary functionalities of CRMs are still debated by experts, and frequently times it varies depending on the intent the system is intended service in that case. However, the high-ranking pails of CRM capablenesss can be categorized harmonizing to client service, selling, and gross revenues. Although client service is an of import facet of client relationship direction, it is chiefly employed by companies who sell merchandises every bit good as have call centres and web sites to market and/or sell their ware. For illustration, most consulting houses are in the concern of selling and selling professonal services. which consequences in their advisers and client directors holding closer relationships with clients. Therefore, call centres are non a major facet of their operations and presenting minutess based client service over the web is non necessary. The range of this paper is to research CRMs and how they improve the gross revenues and selling attempts within professional service s houses. With that in head, this paper will non supply an in-depth analysis of the client service capablenesss offered by CRMs. Marketing Capabilities of CRMs One of the cardinal grounds that companies invest in CRMs is because they can supply an analysis of client informations that can ensue in an betterment in procedure or merchandise. CRMs can accomplish an betterment in selling procedures because they help endeavors place and aim their best clients. An of import inquiry to see is, ? If 20 per centum of clients bring in 80 per centum of gross, why non function merely that 20 per centum? ? ( Collins-White, pg. 1 ) . CRMs can execute client cleavage, which helps sellers focus their attempts on where they will do the greatest impact. Before technology-enabled selling, persons were normally segmented into groups with others who shared similar demographics or societal features. Today, CRMs are able to section single clients, execute statistical mold, and supply profitableness computations in order to observe the comparative value of that client to the concern. For companies such as professional services houses, one client can intend significant gross chances. Detecting these chances is one of the ends of effectual selling sections. CRM # 8217 ; s can help in this procedure by supplying lead direction and chance trailing. Lead direction engineering analyzes company or proprietary informations to find where an endeavor? s greatest chances lie. In add-on, confer withing houses can use the engineering of CRMs to track petitions for proposals. The engineering behind CRMs has the capablity of maintaining path of which RFPs were followed. In add-on, an analysis can be conducted on those industries or markets from which the company is having RFPs in order to find those countries that are most profitable and hence focal point on in the hereafter. Not merely can CRMs help in placing chances, they can besides track selling attempts against wins in order to find how efficaciously a company? s runs are. Many companies blindly market to current and possible clients without truly cognizing if their attempts are working. An incorporate CRM has the functionality to cipher the per centum of those who responded to a selling run compared to those who were targeted in the run. This is an priceless tool in placing the most appropriate methods and tactics for making current and possible clients. A technique that has long been employed by sellers to acquire a better sense of their client? s demands and penchants is through studies and questionnaires. Many CRMs come equipped with tools that can automatize and better upon this procedure. Survey tools can be used to administer, compile, manage, and most significantly analyze study findings. Technologies every bit common as MS Access and electronic mail are capable of administering, roll uping, and pull offing these findings. But it takes the more advanced functionality found in engineerings such as CRMs in order to carry on an in-depth analysis of the study consequences. This type of analysis is what makes the study consequences meaningful to sellers and concern developers. Gross saless Capabilities of CRMs Gross saless and selling attempts frequently go manus in manus in guaranting gross and growing within an endeavor. Hence, much of the information and procedure betterments, which benefit selling, can besides be used to better gross revenues attempts every bit good. Because these two maps are so closely related, its lone logical that the engineering that enables them is integrated. CRMs provide information, resources, and tools that allow marketing squads to win clients and enable gross revenues squads to bring forth extra concern. These two sections need to organize a partnership in order to guarantee their attempts are being focused on utilizing CRM tools to optimise gross revenues and selling attempts. The anchor of CRM gross revenues mechanization is a centralised client database that lets client information collected throughout the endeavor available to the company? s gross revenues force. This provides the gross revenues squad with more information to utilize for prospecting and client contact. CRMs allow gross revenues people in the field better pull off their contacts by making client profiles every bit good as records of their historical interactions with the company. Effective and accurate contact direction is a critical tool to any client director. Client directors need to track who their contacts are in a peculiar company, what their occupation function is, where they are located, etc. This information ensures that they are pass oning with the right people in the company and maintaining cardinal people informed of developments. For illustration, a client director may desire to direct a missive out to all of their contacts within a peculiar industry. A CRM with proper contact direction characteristics will let a client director to place those contacts and make distribution lists or mail merges so the communicating is sent to the intended receivers. Client profiles are another indispensable characteristic of a CRM. Client directors need the most relevant, accurate and complete informations on their clients as possible. A CRM can assist do this possible. A genuinely incorporate CRM is an ideal system for roll uping and pull offing client informations. This means that all interactions with the client are stored in a centralised database for easy retrieval. To a client director, this information is priceless. A CRM can make a client profile based on informations received from web enrollments, studies, every bit good as historical interactions. Information from client minutess can be used to find client penchants, demands, every bit good as activities or events the client has attended. This information can be used when doing determinations on how to outdo optimize gross revenues with that client in the hereafter. The Architectural Components of a CRM To understand the construction of a CRM solution 1 must see the concern theoretical account it is designed to back up. As mentioned antecedently, selling and gross revenues sections are progressively trusting on relationship selling as a means to more efficaciously get and retain clients. In short, in order to state competitory, companies must run based on a customer-centric concern theoretical account. The Gartner Group predicts there is an 80 % chance that by 2001, 70 per centum of selling applications will be wholly redesigned to concentrate on clients alternatively of merchandises and redeployed to take advantage of emerging engineerings. CRMs are at the head of emerging gross revenues and selling engineerings, but there are many tools that contribute to this engineerings vast functionality.

Can Machines/Computers Think Essays - Cognitive Science, Cognition

Can Machines/Computers Think? Can computers, robots, and software agents can literally be said to think? Humans think, chimps think, dogs think, cats and birds think. But do computers? For example, If computers can be made to think, then does that mean that humans are a kind of robot and their brains a kind of computer; a neurocomputer? One of the deeper issues here is that the term thinking is ambiguous in at least two ways: it can include being conscious of one's environment (surroundings), one's personal feelings and thoughts, etc., or it can mean cogitate, learn, plan, and solve problems, where these latter terms pick out mental events that may or may not be conscious. The idea that machines could think occurred to the very first computer builders and programmers. The Turing t es t is a test for intelligence in machines. In 1950, Alan Turing published, Computing Machinery and Intelligence where he described a game he called the imitation game involving a human judge conversing only in written text with a second human and a language-using computer, each hidden away in separate rooms (3 rooms total). The point of the game is for the computer to converse in such a human-like way with the judge that the judge cannot tell the second human from the computer. The computer wins if the judge cannot tell which conversant is the human and which the computer is. Turing's point is that, were a computer to successfully and repeatedly pass such a test, we should then regard the computer as intelligent on the human level. To date, no computer has passed the Test reliably and often. While we don't know what thought or intelligence is, essentially, and while we're very far from agreed on what things do and don't have it, almost everyone agrees that hum ans think, and agrees with Descartes that our intelligence is amply manifest in our speech. Along these lines, Alan Turing suggested that if computers showed human level conversational abilities we should, by that, be amply assured of their intelligence. Turing continues, We may now ask the question, what will happen when a machine takes the part of A in this game?" These questions replace our original, "Can machines think?" This test may serve, as Turing notes, "to test not just for shallow verbal dexterity, but for background knowledge and underlying reasoning ability as well, since interrogators may ask any question or pose any verbal challenge they choose". Regarding this test Turing famously predicted that in about fifty years' time by the year 2000 it will be possible to program computers to make them play the imitation game so well that an average interrogator will have no more than 70 per cent chance of making the correct identification after five minutes of questioning. It is important to recognize that Turing proposed his test as a qualifying test for human-level intelligence, not as a disqualifying test for intelligence. So, from the failure of machines to pass this test, we can infer neither their complete lack of intelligence nor, that their thought is not up to the human level. Nevertheless, the manners of current machine failings clearly bespeak deficits of wisdom and wit, not just an inhuman style. Still, defenders of the Turing test claim we would have ample reason to deem them intelligent - as intelligent as we are - if they could pass this test. The extent to which machines seem intelligent depends first, on whether the work they do is intellectual or manual. Let's say that Turing is correct, and that it is imaginable to build a computer that can imitate human intelligence in such a way that it is indistinguishable from real human intelligence. Can we then conclude that the computer indeed thinks? The difficulty with questions like this is, what do we mean by thinking? What do we need for genuine thinking to occur? Consciousness? Understanding? These are not the same things. I am not always conscious of what happens in my mind, and when I am conscious of things, it may well be that I don't understand anything. According to philosopher John Searle, it is understanding that we are after. Let's follow Searle in this respect,

International Business in United Arab Emirates

International Business in United Arab Emirates Country Analysis The United Arab Emirates is a federal republic consisting of seven states referred to as emirates. Geographically, the United Arab Emirates is located on the south eastern part of the greater Arabian Peninsula which is itself found in the South Western part of the Asian continent (the gulf of Persia).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Business in United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More UAE neighbors the Islamic republic of Oman and Saudi Arabia. The seven emirates making up the entire state are Dubai, Ajman, Umm al-Quwain, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Fujairah and Ras al Khaimah. The largest of the emirate cities is Dubai; the second largest city Abu Dhabi, however is the one that doubles up as the capital of the UAE because it is the nerve centre of all industrial, political as well as cultural activities. Political System The constitution that was enacted in the year 1971 provides the basis by which the political affairs of the UAE are run. This document contains a number of inter twinned bodies of government.. The form of politics in practice can be said to be a compromise of the various aspects seen in a federal system, a monarchy and a presidential system. This is because all the seven emirates are absolute monarchies and partially independent from the central federal government, the president however is the head of state and the prime minister the head of government with authority over the country’s foreign policy, Emirates security and national defense. The central government is made up of the traditional arms of government that is, the executive arm consisting of the president his deputy and the prime minister with the entire cabinet; the legislative arm that makes laws as well as the judicial arm that interprets the laws. The federal supreme council, which is made up of emirs (representatives) from each of the seven emirates is tasked with the responsibility of electing the president and the entire cabinet including judges of the Supreme Court. The representative (emir) elected from Abu Dhabi the state capital, automatically holds the position of president whereas the emir elected from Dubai the largest city becomes the official premier. The degree of influence of all the emirates conclusively can be seen in the particular position they hold within the federal government and in as much as each of them is fairly autonomous from the rest, they are each allocated a proportion of revenue from the national budget.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Economy Being a member of the United Nations Organization (UN), World Trade Organization WTO), the Arab League and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC); The United Arab Emirates has the seventh largest reserves of petroleum globally. Its econo my is arguably the most comprehensively developed in the entire Middle East. According to latest rankings provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), UAE has an impressive Gross Domestic Product (per capita) with its nominal GDP per capita standing at $ 46, 584. Its Human Development index is 35th internationally and is part of the reason as to why it has been classified as a high income economy (Ball et al 2008, p 150) The CIA’s world fact book places the country’s per capita GDP at number 3 in the Middle East coming next to Qatar and Kuwait; and number 14 universally. Petroleum products export (oil and natural gas) are a significant contributor to its national GDP. Other factors that have however made the economy to boom are its expansive manufacturing industry, an established tourism and service sector and most of all, its building and construction prowess in real estate business. Infrastructure The development in the country’s infrastructure has witne ssed a tremendous revolution with the setting up of magnificent structures the world has ever known. The Burj Khalifa (standing at 0.8Km) is now the tallest building on earth and it is found in the UAE, the Dubai World Central International Airport shall also become the most expensive airport ever constructed in the universe when its construction finally concludes. Other magnificent real estate properties in the country include the Palm Island which is a man made island (the largest ever artificial island) in the world, the artificial archipelago and the world’s largest shopping mall (The Dubai Mall). Such lucrative infrastructure makes the country appealing for investments in real estate. As part of its uniform economic foreign policy, local influence has to be felt in all businesses enterprises in the UAE and this explains the existence of a common standard requiring that all businesses except for the ones classified in the free trade zones in the country have no less than 51% shareholding being local. This is a clear strategy that is aimed at ensuring the locals (Emiratis) are in the lead towards economic empowerment (Balasubramanyam 1985, p. 159 ). Cultural Practices UAE has largely become multi cultural in recent years. Its cultural mix has however been gradually domineered and centered around the Islamic faith. In this cosmopolitan set up, Muslim culture is largely seen in the way the residents have to assemble everyday five times to pray from the mosques that are visible in the entire country. The country’s music, attire, cuisine and architecture are purely Arabic with the Eid al Fitr and Ramadan being the common Islamic holidays.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Business in United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The non interference stance and the liberalism seen in the United Arab Emirates has contributed to economic progress, it is common to see Hindu temples as well as churches constructed alongside mosques to demonstrate the level of religious tolerance in this country. This has further increased the number of visits by tourists and thus enhanced the hotel industry. Investment in Real Estate An investment in Hotel Real Estate would be the most strategic in the United Arab Emirates, this is because the country’s infrastructure is extra-ordinarily established. The infrastructural development alone is responsible for close to thirty seven percent of all project value constructions. The seven Emirates have simultaneously realized that there is a future in the real estate sector with such big investments in the entertainment, leisure and generally tourism. The central government therefore provides incentives to both local and international commercial developers to bring in their investments in this sector. The current president of the UAE Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed has moved in to entice development in real estate in especially the northern emirates by apportioning an amount of 16 Billion Dirham (about 4 Billion Dollars) for the expansion of infrastructure in these regions. This money is expected to among other things open up the road network and establish new housing schemes both residential and commercial premises in these areas considered to be having a deficit of such facilities. The federal (local) governments have also been adequately funded and provided with sufficient logistical inputs to help them provide the necessary public utilities that will attract real estate investment in their respective regions. Electricity and water has been provided as part of the infrastructure by the local Emirates to attract investments in these regions. The United Arab Emirates being basically a desert country utilizes 100% thermal energy as opposed to hydro electricity which is unheard of and generally unreliable depending on surface run off. Plans have also been instituted by the central government to augment this energy source with nuclear sources seen as most efficient and highly effective. Communication has also been greatly enhanced in not only the major emirates, but also other upcoming centers to make the areas attractive to invest. Real estate investment in the UAE has therefore been increasingly enhanced by the foregoing factors and shows tremendous ability to grow and multiply its market value. The long run results are not only desirable but also possess an enormous avenue for resale due to the appreciation in the value of land and buildings occasioned by adequate infrastructure.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More External investors in real estate in the UAE are able to obtain financing from the developed network of banks in the country. Real estate departments are also available in the various emirates. Land reclamation is key because the entire country is in the Arabian Desert and therefore specific strategies must be put up to reclaim desert land and make it attractive for settlement and commercialization. This has however been made easier by the federal electricity and water authorities that are tasked with ensuring that these resources are readily available using the cheapest means possible. Entry Strategy Since every country in the world is currently striving to be a regional force and play an important role in international business activities, particular legislations have to be put in place in order to control and accurately measure the degree of foreign direct investments as well as local investments. The established rules regarding the transfer of foreign capital in the United Arab Emirates is meant to enhance the ease of capital flight and ensure a much more free flow of ideas and money while at the same time ensuring the protection of the property owned by foreign investors. Investors thus feel safer and secure under this frame work as it prescribes a number of legally accepted forms of property ownership and outlines the various courses of action that may be available in law for an aggrieved investor. The laws that deal with a number of business activities including the formation and ownership of business organizations may vary slightly from one Emirate to another because of the initial point mentioned about their autonomy. Every individual Emirate has its own established standard of creating wealth and revenues. The central government has however tried to formulate a blanket law that shall act as a common standard. In the establishment of this law, a compromise position has been struck between the sovereignty and autonomy of the individual Emirates and the demands of progress and economic well being advanced by the central government. In the creation of this foreign investments law however, it was a unanimous agreement by all the federal Emirates that the welfare and economic well being of each and every individual Emirati is the bottom line. While they all realized the central need to make the UAE a one stop shop and a global reference point for any form of international investment, they upheld the significance of welfare and the progress of the nation. UAE has an investment legislation that makes it mandatory for any form of direct foreign investment in the country to be having a 50 plus 1 majority stake under the control of the indigenous Emiratis (David 1992, p 175.However in the recent past UAE has launched a new system to attract foreign investors in the emirates, by introducing free zones that offer incentives to foreign investors such as exemptions from import and export tax corporate tax and income tax among others. The zone s comprise of various businesses including; manufacturing, banking, assets and estates management, logistics, information and technology etc. They also have all the amenities, infrastructure communication systems and all other essential facilities for operation. Jebel Ali Free Trade Zone is one of them and is involved in the production and selling of manufactured goods, domestically and for the international market there are over 950 different activities in the zone. The zones regulations allow companies to have full ownership of the assets for the entity. Nasouh, (2009) says â€Å"Other major benefits are: exemption from the many normal requirements for foreign investors such as: a company must have local ownership, pay taxes and duties, and restricted transfer of capital, profits and salaries†. Companies do not require local sponsorships to create other branches of their business. The zones authorities keep a register for all companies in existence, register new businesses and set the rules and regulations for them. From the above information about Dubai’s investment policies, the high control strategy would be the best to way of entry. The strategy enables companies to have maximum control hence creating a physical presence in the foreign market. A major feature of the strategy is the foreign direct investment option which entails direct ownership and control of assets. Direct investment is the most advanced, complicated system which also has a high risk. It is best suited for well developed economies like that of the emirates, and all types of business can use the strategy including the service industry. The major benefits of using the system are: there is rapid growth of the markets, reduced costs, increase sales and revenues and it also protects both the domestic and foreign markets. The system also has two different ownership structures which are the; wholly owned direct investment and in this structure the company owns its foreign assets and equity fully, the second is the equity joint ventures in which two companies form a new entity and share control of the business. The best structure for an investor operating in the free zones is the wholly owned direct investment because it is allowed and will yield more benefits. Another feature of the system is the vertical integration which comprises of the activities an entity chooses to engage in; any of the three stages which are, production, selling or distribution of products can be fully applicable in the zones depending on a company’s objective. Production Marketing Strategies As earlier mentioned in this discussion, the religion and culture that is predominant in this region is Islam. This culture has percolated through the society and in as much as it is a liberal and tolerant (cosmopolitan) setting, the Arabic language, dress, food and particularly architecture are domineering. For an establishment in real estate to be successful therefore, it must be align ed to the available infrastructure and architecture which borrows heavily from the Islamic faith (Poynter Rugman 1982, p 54). A marketing strategy that may also double up as an entry strategy in the industry may be to identify and cling on real estate probate leads. Such probate leads are generally available because of the existence of property left behind by a deceased person. Such may be left to their immediate beneficiaries being available as their next of kin, these heirs may quickly want to sell off the property, and thus it may be worthwhile to establish these heirs. These can be easily located from offices of probate attorneys. In cases where the property was owned by a renowned realtor, its acquisition will have the benefit of goodwill and reputation already created by the proceeding owner. Another rather effortless method of marketing real estate products is through the construction of quality assets with spectacularly unique designs. Magnificent designs will market themse lves and quality products shall attract the appropriate levels of clientele in the market. The construction of the Burj Khalifa, for instance by Emaar (one of the most renown property developers in the UAE) cost 1 Billion US Dollars but since it is the world’s largest sky crapper it has attracted international attention from the media and architects, a factor that has marketed it not only locally but also abroad. The use of the internet and local media may also be a helpful and powerful marketing medium for advertising. Advertisements may be placed on either local or online newspapers or through the use of other realtors and agencies. The use of the internet as a marketing medium is greatly boosted by the developed telecommunications infrastructure in the United Arab Emirates. The level of internet spread is now 2.4 users per subscription and this extensiveness in use makes it a strategic source of marketing and publicity. The internet contention is also largely considered sa fe because it is usually filtered and regulated by requisite authorities to discourage sexual materials and religious profaning sentiments, views or ideas. International Business Risks The economy of particularly Dubai was hugely affected by the events in Wall Street in the global economic downturn that was witnessed from the year 2007 to 2010. These resulted in the average economy decreasing slightly to up to about 4%. Since majority of the world’s economic crisis may be difficult to control, the only reasonable way that seems practically reasonable to apply in the mitigation of enterprise risk is diversification. Since such forms of financial risks have far reaching effects, investors are expected to diversify their portfolios to avoid subsequent losses in their investments in the country. In real estate for instance, diversity may take the form of constructing not only commercial premises but also residential and religious or public properties so that when the market busin ess is low for private home owners (like the situation was in the United States with home mortgages) revenues can be obtained from other market sectors like hotel and tourism. Political risk may be minimized by ensuring that the entity conforms to the political philosophies of the country where it operates. The politics of the UAE are fairly stable and thus upheavals and major revolutions are uncommon, however with the advent of religious fundamentalism and terror movement killings in the name of religion, the entity must be positioned in a way that it will not contravene any religious or political doctrines that are largely viewed as being against the prevailing faith (Nausoh 2009, p. 25). A potential risk of property investment in the UAE may also be associated with the oversupply of properties in the form of houses, commercial buildings and other rental premises. The available infrastructure is being exceedingly attractive to many investors and with barriers to cross border forei gn direct investments lessening, this may cause many players to saturate the industry. The result of this could be the witnessing of decreasing yields or stagnating prices of properties. This is however only a long run possibility because in the current assessment, no such saturation is visible especially in the minor Emirates (Roth Morrison 1992, p 751) The economy of the country and indeed of many neighbors in the region has been built around petroleum exports, without any immediate plans to diversify the economy, a petroleum glut or a decrease in the cost of petrol products including gas worldwide may cause a massive indention of the country’s economy. The Emirate of Dubai has foreseen this potential risk and thus tried to augment the petroleum input in its GDP with a developed banking and commercial sector as well as improved tourism. The opinion of many analysts on this subject however is that as long as the oil prices remain at $ 35 per barrel and above, this risk may be ignored, but the future is always uncertain (Salisu 1991, p. 191). Therefore, the United Arab Emirates provides good and diversified opportunities for any foreign investor to invest in. in addition the rules, policies and regulations have made it easier for both the investor and the Emirates serve their interests without any conflict either economically, politically or socially. Ball, D, McCulloch, W, Geringer, J, Minor, M McNett, J 2008, International Business: The Challenges of Global Competition, McGraw-Hill, NY. Balasubramanyam, V, 1985, Foreign direct investment and the International transfer of technology, Current Issues in International Trade, Macmillan, London. David, G 1992, Economic integration and foreign Direct investment in the EC, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 5(2), pp. 10-50). Nasouh, N 2009, Heavy snowfall on Ras Al Khaimah’s Jebel Jais Mountain cluster, Gulf News, https://gulfnews.com/. Poynter, T Rugman, A 1982, World product mandates: how wil l multinationals respond? Business Quarterly, vol 47, no.3, pp. 54-61. Roth, K Morrison, A 1992, Implementing global strategy: Characteristics of global subsidiary mandates, Journal of International Business Studies, vol 23, no. 4, pp. 715-735. Salisu, M 1991, EP, IS and direct foreign investment in LDCs, International Trade and Global Development, Routledge, London.

Describing two works of art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Describing two works of art - Essay Example The picture itself is revealing almost all striking colors that catch the eye of the viewers. I think the artist has successfully conveyed the message that one should live a life full of joy in order to be happy, as well as to spread happiness among others. Poppy Fields by Zhang Huan is one of the most attractive artworks of recent times. The artwork features a wide range of colors on an oil-on-linen painting. If we look at Poppy Field No. 5 by some distance, four main colors catch the eye, which include teal, pink, lilac, and faded red. The artwork looks like as an abstract art if we look at it from some distance. However, from a closer look, tiny faces and skulls become visible. The meaning of the artwork as expressed by the artist is birth, illness, senility, and death of humans. I personally think that the meaning being conveyed through this artwork as described by the artist does not appear in the mind of every viewer. For example, to me it looks like conveying that every person in the world has a different internal color which becomes evident with the display of different

Comparing Biblical and Denominational Christianity Research Paper

Comparing Biblical and Denominational Christianity - Research Paper Example Both types of belief systems ascribe to the basic Christian tenets, but the way in which they develop traditions and interconnections to each other through frameworks of belief, are constructed upon differing forms of guidance. In understanding the differences between Biblical Christianity and denominational Christianity, systems of belief must be examined and interpreted through meanings and from where those meanings are developed. Interpretation is the foundation of how the Bible is received, however. The Bible was written in languages with meanings that have changed, and has been translated into the common modern tongue of every written language. Therefore, the translation is used to determined interpretation. As an example, the shortened comment â€Å"spare the rod, spoil the child† is often used as biblical wisdom, but this phrase is a shortened version of several in the Bible. One of the verses that this phrase comes from the section that states â€Å"he who spares the rod, hates his son, but he who loves him is careful to discipline him (New International Version Bible: Proverbs 13:24). The word for ‘rod’ is ‘shebet’, which is a reference to the Hebrew for shepherd’s staff. The staff was not used to beat the sheep, but to guide them and to fend off predators when the sheep were vulnerable (Nicholson and Parker 217). As an example, the shortened comment â€Å"spare the rod, spoil the child† is often used as biblical wisdom, but this phrase is a shortened version.... The problem with the concept of Biblical Christianity is that it still depends on the interpretations of someone within the group in order to create beliefs and meaning. The belief in the superiority that is assigned by claiming to only use the Bible as a resource for worship is the first belief that connects the members of the groups. All aspects of life are informed through the wisdom that is provided in the Bible, with agreements on interpretation being taken as absolutes. Some interpretations of Biblical Christianity are based upon the idea that the beliefs are developed through believing what the Bible says and not making adjustments for the state of modern life. The concept of heresy is determined through assessing beliefs that are outside of the bible wisdoms, that are â€Å"held in opposition to the commonly received doctrine and tending to promote division or dissention† (Ridenour 15). Therefore, whatever falls outside of what is believed by those who adhere to Biblic al wisdom is considered heresy. Therefore, in believing that the form of Christianity that is being practiced is Biblical is to believe that all of the interpretations made by the group adhere to strict and literal references to the Bible. Another example can be found in Timothy I. The statement that â€Å"In like manner also, that women adorn themselves in modes apparel, with shamefacedness and sobriety: not with braided hair, or gold, or pearls, or costly array;† has been used to control the dress of women in some Christian groups (King James Version, I Timothy 2:9). In literal form, this suggests that wearing such items is an affront to God. However, once again, when put into context,

An analysis of Vitamins a short story by Raymond Carver Essay

An analysis of Vitamins a short story by Raymond Carver - Essay Example Patti attests to it herself on claiming that in early years of her youth, it is something she would not figure herself doing or one that occurs to be a last resort. While it generally sounds to be freaking a hell out of the female characters in Patti, Sheila, and Donna, the storyteller being the only guy among them exhibits the opposite or passive role in relation to the three. His function appears to serve a neutralizing effect in the middle where similarities reflect across the intertwined lives of the three women who have spanned control of themselves beyond his weak influence at providing comfort. As an irony in the theme, the vitamins sold by Patti, Sheila, Donna, and the hospital where he works are altogether symbolic of a prevention or cure to sickness however, as these characters remain attached to their conventional situation, the routine with vitamins and hospital augments the conflict and no resolution is found in the absence of external intervention or consideration of po ssible alternatives that would shift the level of personal undertaking for each. (2) Do the main characters' personalities, behavior and goals change during the story? If so, how? Significant change is not evident in the outlook and the way by which the narrator manages getting confronted by the challenges set by Patti. He briefly states in the beginning that Patti was first unemployed and by deciding to reverse this fate and give herself respect on working to sell vitamins makes positive hint or direction at progress from the initial condition as Patti even reaches the point of having people put under her supervision. This status, nevertheless, becomes unfulfilled since the state of economy and consumerism turns out not in favor of supplement acquisition, implying that in reality there exists a number of concerns far more worthy of savings and investment than vitamins are. In the manner R. Carver channels the thoughts and observations of the narrating main character, a reader can f eel a degree of needing to promote an element of transformation in his life as well as how this might impact that of Patti’s. As the story proceeds to gather the cast in a Christmas party to somewhat alleviate and enliven the dull, sickening mood with the bad economic trend of vitamin business, Sheila triggers rivalry with the male narrator yet escapes to make way for Donna in weaving new circumstances for Patti’s lover. A sense of seduction through Donna’s character takes the storyteller to an attempt at infidelity, leaving his fed-up partner to yield to a momentary space and grasp beyond the world with Patti in a newer dimension at Off-Broadway with Donna. Somehow, he develops another perspective in an appreciation of Khaki who seems to love his work as a bouncer, as opposed to Patti. Clearly, this event suggests that he is up for a change or for something to challenge his way out of the lifeless endeavor and depressed mode of living. At the instant Nelson com es over with Benny to lure Donna with money and gradually snatch here away from him, he allows a couple of moments to pass as if no real peril lurks. Here,

Carers of elderly Dementia sufferers

Carers of elderly Dementia sufferers Introduction The aim of this patient case study is to discuss the care and nursing interventions that an older person with dementia received in his home within the community during placement. There will be discussions focusing on normal ageing process, taking into account the relevant biological, sociological and physiological perspectives and the impact this had on this individuals life experience. The relevant epidemiology and aetiology factors will be examined and the social and kinship support networks will be identified, how they work together to provide individual holistic patient care, and finally the impact of current legislation on the overall care provided will be analysed. The learning experience and actions that I will take in order to ensure my continued professional development and learning will be discussed, followed by the conclusion. The rationale for this is to demonstrate an understanding of the theoretical and practical links in caring for individuals with this condition in th e community Confidentiality is maintained in conjunction with NMC (2010). Thus a pseudonym (Scot) is adopted where the clients name is mentioned. Scot was chosen for the purpose of this case study because his strength of character was admired and a good relationship was established. . The patients permission was obtained after an explanation of the purpose and proposed content of the case study, with a CPN present. Context Scot is a 67 year old man with a long term history of psychosis. Recently he had been diagnosed with Alzheimers disease, a type of dementia which affects the brain cells and brain nerve transmitters, which carry instructions around the brain. Scot is also a non-insulin dependent diabetic and has hypertension, both of which are controlled by oral medication and had been non-compliant of late. Due to the decline of his mental state, he has been refusing access to his main carer (his wife) and was at risk of self-neglect. His aggressive outbursts follow an unpredictable pattern where his mood could change from pleasant and content to a highly agitated in a short pace of time. More recently, he has been observed to become low in mood and isolate himself. In particular, Scots aggressive behaviour could put others at risk of harm, or Scot could put himself at risk of retaliation from others. He has become lost and disoriented, even within the relatively small confines of the family home. S cot and his wife had been married for over 40 years. Initially his wife managed well, but as time went by and the dementia worsened, she found it increasingly difficult to look after her husband, do her household chores and have any life for herself. She could not leave him alone while she shopped, and it was too difficult to take him along. Eventually the stress, the low morale and the frustration of caring for Scot began to toil on her (Hoe et al 2009). What seemed to have been the last straw for Scots wife was when he started squatting in corners and urinating on the floor. Scot began to progressively have less interest inside and outside home, which is highlighted by intellectual, emotional and memory disturbances of dementia (Dexter et al, (1999). The deterioration again led him to becoming absent- minded, forgetting appointments, forgetting about his meals and forgetting things he has left in the house. It further progressed to extreme situations where he would recall past eve nts of his youthful days but not about the recent events. He would also get up in the middle of the night wandering around the house, which resulted in many falls and injuries to him. This major memory disturbance resulted in manifestation of confusion affecting his daily structure and routine of life. Current medication He had been well managed on Quetiapine until he had stopped taking the medication and his psychosis had worsened. Quetiapine is an oral antipsychotic drug used for treating schizophrenia and similar disorders. Like other anti-psychotics, it inhibits communication between nerves of the brain. Frequent adverse effects include headache, agitation, dizziness, drowsiness, weight gain and stomach upset (Ballard et al 2005). There is an interaction between Scots medication and his behaviour which requires a more skilled professional being required to administer medication. Aetiology Dementia as a disorder, is manifested by multiple cognitive defects, such as impaired memory, aphasia, apraxia and a disturbance in occupational or social functioning Howcroft (2004). Thus disturbances in executive functioning are seen in the loss of the ability to think abstractly, having difficulty performing tasks and the avoidance of situations, which involves processing information. The brain shrinks as gaps develop in the temporal lobe and hippocampus. The ability to speak, remember and make decisions is interrupted (ADS, 2011). Medical history Seven (7) years ago, he had a mild stroke. He has fractured both of his wrists and has no sensation of the heat or cold on his hands but can move and use his fingers perfectly fine. Referral Scot was referred to the CMHT on the 03 May 2011 by his General Practitioner (GP) with severe cognitive impairments due to Alzheimers disease for further assessment and treatment, as concerns have been raised about his vulnerability to exploitation by others. Epidemiology The Health of the Nation (DOH, 1991), Our Healthier Nation (DOH, 1998), and more recently, Living Well with Dementia (DOH, 2009) use information from the public health domain to look at trends and set targets for improvement. It aims to secure continuing improvement in the general health of the population by adding years to life and life to years. Overall, about 5% of the population over 65 has dementia, and the prevalence increases markedly with age (PSSRU 2007, ADL 2011)(Appendix 1). A new dementia map of the UK shows stark variations in the number of people suffering from the disease and those who have actually received a medical diagnosis (Appendix 1). Dementia Care Mapping (DCM), an observation tool designed at Bradford University, is a process internationally recognised for promoting a holistic approach to improving life for each individual because it evaluates the quality of the care being provided from the perspective of the person with dementia (BBC 2011) These prevalence rates have been applied to Office of National Statistics (ONS) population projections of the 65 and over population to give estimated numbers of people predicted to have dementia to 2025. The number of people with dementia nationally is forecast to increase by 38% over the next 15 years and 154% over the next 45 years. The estimates for early-onset dementia (onset before the age of 65 years) are comparatively small but, according to national statistics, are significantly under reported. Dementia is a major cause of disability in older people. According to the 2003 World Health Report Global Burden of Disease estimates, dementia contributed 11.2% of all years lived with disability among people aged 60 and over; more than: Stroke (9.5%), musculoskeletal disorders (8.9%).Cardiovascular disease (5.0%) and all forms of cancer (2.4%). Dementia costs the health and social care economy more than cancer, heart disease and stroke combined. Fewer than half of older people with dementia ever receive a diagnosis (DOH, 2009). Assessment A health needs assessment was carried out using my placement tool called CAREBASE and Observation. Assessment is a systematic process that aims to provide a framework for the collection of information relevant for the clients health experience, engage the client in a therapeutic relationship, and identify appropriate care, interventions and services (Thompson and Mathias, 2002). Psychiatric assessment therefore is the attempts to attribute a persons suffering to an underlying illness and thereby identify appropriate treatment (Barker, 2004). Scots assessment took a form of an assessment interview in consultation with his wife and children. The areas which were assessed included a clear description of his current symptoms; a detail and precise description of the problems that he is experiencing and a description of his social, occupational and domestic circumstances. Some other areas of importance were the support available and level of dependence as well as a comprehensive risk asses sment. These enabled me to elicit important information for a good clinical judgement (Guthrie and Lewis, 2007). A relaxed environment was facilitated in Scots home. Open questions were asked to gather as much information as possible to build a holistic picture of Scot, his needs and his community. I then transferred the details onto the University Tool as its contents met my expected learning outcomes. The model chosen to assess Scots needs was an adaptation of Roper Logan Tierney (RLT) model (1983) and the actual and potential problems based on the 12 activities of living were highlighted. This model was chosen as Walsh (1998) suggests it is trying to promote maximum independence and meet Scots needs. Haggart (1994) suggests the Neumans systems model seeks to involve patients in their health care and focuses on prevention. This is congruent with the needs of community nursing. Analysis Scots baseline observations on assessment were: temperature: 37.4 degrees Celsius, her pulse was 105 beats per minute and her blood pressure was 145 millimetres mercury systolic and 90 millimetres mercury diastolic. Scots Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and he scored 26, which classified him as being overweight. The lifespan of an obese person is 9 years less than someone of lower weight (Netdoctor, 2004). Obesity causes raised blood pressure and raised cholesterol levels which lead to CHD and stroke. It also fosters inactivity and generally involves an unhealthy diet which together contributes to cancer, diabetes, gall bladder disease, arthritis and musculoskeletal problems (NAO 2001). Because Scot has a chronic illness such as diabetes and is overweight these factors contribute to delay in healing. King (2001) suggests people with diabetes experience more wound healing problems. However, this does not affect Scot as he had no wounds. A recent study by Brown et al (2004) indicates that majority of people who are obese have some form of skin problems. In Scots case dryness, broken skin, red patches and itchiness were identified. A moving and handling assessment derived by Pilling (1993) score of 5 was obtained for Scot due to his body weight being above 17 stones. Scot is fully mobile and therefore no equipment was needed. Pilling and Frank (1994) report that this is a tool and should not be substituted for professional judgement or knowledge of correct handling techniques. With regards to sleep, it was identified that he has unstructured and lesser sleep patterns which is a contributing factor to his restless and agitations during the day. He also has difficulty in hearing. Furthermore, assessment of other age related physiological and psychological degeneration of vision, auditory, speech, impaired cognition etc. are essential for baseline assessment and understanding the effects of physical and mental capabilities of an older person. Care Plan All identified needs of Scot, which were highlighted as personal hygiene, nutritional intake, safe environment and sleeping (Roper et al, 1996). , were integrated into his care plan approach and the appropriate interventions were taken. The care plan was for Scot to be given one to one counselling sessions each day and encouraged to discuss topics related to reality such as current affairs, his family, home life or social life. The rationale for this action is supported by Schultz and Videbeck (2002), who assert that familiarity with, and trust in staff members can decrease a clients fears and suspicions, leading to decreases anxiety. Discussing familiar topics also stimulates patients to maintain contact with the real world and their place in it (Stuart and Laraia, 1998). He is to be monitored on his medication and mental state in order for him to maintain optimum level of physical and mental wellbeing. This was to include exercise, social group activities and a good balance of flui d and food intake. He was also to be encouraged and engage in social activities during the day to help him have adequate sleep during the night. It was also included that Scot should be on primary observation to ensure his safety. Scots family are his main carers. His daughters visit him regularly. Twigg (1994) suggests that the largest provider of care services in the community is the army of family, friends and neighbours who are reported to number over six million people. The National Strategy for Carers (1990) defines an informal carer as someone providing care without payment for a relative or friend who is disabled, sick, vulnerable or frail (Cooper et al, 2008). Fitting et al (1986) found that women more often feel obliged to give care than men and have more difficulty in coping with the dependency of their dementing relative. INTERVENTIONS Following Scots initial assessment, certain problems were identified and her care plan was initiated. Scots identified problems were nutrition, safety, sleep, pain, medication and dying. The agreed goal for Scots problem of nutrition was to ensure adequate dietary and fluid intake and this was to be achieved by referring Scot to the dietician and offering Scot small, appetising meals and monitor dietary intake. Nutritional assessment according to Harris and Bond (2002) should be integrated with the overall nursing assessment and the plan of care and implemented and evaluated and involves identifying and evaluating patients nutritional status using assessable techniques to quantify any impairment or risk, such as food record charts and risk assessment scores. The degree of Scots safety was assessed due to his potential risk of falling and causing harm to himself. To promote safe environment for Scot, all potential hazardous objects were removed, and that familiar objects including pictures, calendars, activity sheets were rather put in place to orientate him to his surroundings. To reinforce this, he was discussed with what was happening around him. All interaction with Scot also involved communicating clearly about one topic at a time so that he is not confused with excessive information (Holden et al, 1982). He was given hearing aid equipment, which was constantly checked for proper functioning. This was emphasised with effective verbal and non-verbal communication. During these times it was imperative to use tone of voice which was conductive to his hearing, appropriateness of touch, good eye contact, gestures and allowing Scot to express his fears and desires, all in an atmosphere of acceptance and reassurance. This was to build a rap port and maintain a trusting therapeutic relationship with him (Egan 2002). To reduce some of the night time disturbances, Scot was involved in a sleep hygiene programme which included maintaining regular times for rising and going to bed, avoiding stimulants such as alcohol and tobacco and using the bedroom only for sleep. Taking him for a walk, attending OT sessions and other social group activity also increased his daytime activity. Relaxation and breathing exercises was part of the caring process for Scot, which were intended to give him mastery over his symptoms especially when he became anxious or unable to sleep. And although there seemed to be no significant process being made by Scot on the breathing exercise, the programme continued to be reassessed and reviewed. His care programme also took into account some of the normal ageing process associated with old age such as the presence of pathology affecting the overall functioning of the individual. For instance, during Scots assessment for nutritional intake it was important to take into account the fact that many older people have a reduced food intake as result of being less active and reduced lean body mass which leads to a low intake of nutrients such as vitamins and minerals (Norman, et al 1997). A further factor considered was that of the medication which when used to treat certain conditions can in fact cause depression, which is brought on by the toxicity of the drugs. The elderly are more prone to toxicity because of their impaired absorption, metabolism, and excretion of drugs (Cosgray and Hanna, 1993). It was imperative to note that the older person tend to take medication errors such as omission of doses and incorrect dosage when they are self-administering a drug and many elderly people tend to take a number of different drugs for different ailments which causes further confusion. Thus all non-prescription medications such as bottles, out of date prescription items were also removed from the reach of Scot. This was to prevent Scot having access to potentially dangerous medication and inadvertently taking them incorrectly. Until his condition improved, his medication was given to staff in the community. Scot constantly brought up the issue of dying during every one to one session with him. Although he did not want to end his present condition by committing suicide, he accepted death as an invertible end, which he anticipates will inevitably come soon for him (Sampson et al 2011, Samson 2010). His main concern was to be able to work and spend time in his garden again before he died. However, he did have the tendency to be rather depressed of what he saw as not doing much in his prime days to fulfil his ambitions. This sometimes brought on a sense of guilt and sadness to Scot. The National Service Framework for older people (DoH, 2001) emphasised the need to support carers in their role. Scots wife was therefore educated about how to handle the decline capabilities of her husband including how to provide safe environment for Scot and help him with respite programmes that will give her a break from her care-giving responsibilities. Scots wife also received education and information about how and why her husband behaves in his condition and how she can reduce the feelings of anxiety, tension and loss of control that has resulted from the impact of Scots deterioration. CONCLUSION From this study, I learnt that, assessing the health needs of patients like Scot can be beneficial to him and his family. By conducting a thorough assessment and involving patient participation, a satisfactory package of care was made available to meet Scots health needs. Furthermore, I learnt patients can be fully aware of all the services that are available and the capacity of making choices at the time of assessment The NHS plan (2000) was a modernisation strategy where 19 billion pounds was invested for a ten-year plan 2000-2010. It introduced the National Service Frameworks (NSF), which set national standards and identify key interventions for a defined service or care group, put in place strategies to support implementation and established ways to ensure progress within an agreed time scale. The plan was developed to shift the balance of power from top down to bottom up and involve patient participation. The impact of the policy related directly to patient care and all patients including Scot are entitled to a basic package of care by being a member of a PCT. Scot benefits from an enhanced package of care, as the NSF for older people (2001) and NSF for diabetes (1999) is available. Local community facilities such as a bowling club and voluntary services such as Alzheimers Society and Age Concern are also used by Scot. By the end of my placement, evaluations showed that although there have not been significant changes in Scots mental and physical state, it is also imperative to note that he has been supported and maintained well to carry some of the daily activities of living. Whilst Scots care plan continued to be reviewed, there is also an on-going support and educational programmes for his wife, which will enable her to effectively care for Scot. I have understood that whenever I undertake care, I must take a holistic view of the persons physiological, psychological and social circ umstance in order to provide effective and continuous care. The model of care used on the (activities of living) worked fairly well for Scot. However, I do not feel it is a holistic model of care and focuses largely on the biomedical model of health. REFERENCES Alzheimers Disease Society ADS (2011) The prevalence of dementia. London. 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Chapman Hall Egan G (2002) The Skilled Helper: A problem management Opportunity Development approach to helping 7th edition C A Brooks/Cole Fitting M, Rabins P, Lucas M J, Eastham J 91986). Caregivers for demented patients: a comparison of husband and wives. Gerontologist 26(3):248-252 Haggart, M (1994. A Critical Analysis of Neumans Systems Model in Relation to Public Health Nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 18: 1917-1922 Holden U Woods R T (1982) Reality orientation:psychological approaches to the confused elderly. Edinburgh Churchill Livingston http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-12598706 Accessed 10/05/2011 http://www.alzheimers-tesco.org.uk/Accessed 13/05/20011 King, L (2001). Impaired Wound Healing in Patients with Diabetes. Nursing Standard. 15(38): 39-45 Kenney R A (1989) Physiology of ageing:a sypnosis 3rd edition Year book medical publishers, Chicago Livingston, G., Leavey, G., Manela, M., Livingston, D., Rait, G., Sampson, E., Bavishi, S., Shahriyarmolki, K., Cooper, C. 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Emily Brontës Wuthering Heights :: essays research papers

The purpose of this paper is to assess the novel, "Wuthering Heights," by Emily Bronte, particularly within the context of the character, Catherine. Catherine plays a prominent role throughout "Wuthering Heights." For the most part, it is her love of Heathcliff which represents the crutch of the human struggle encountered by Catherine, as well as other characters throughout the story -- but especially Catherine. Curiously, relationships of that period were more often than not governed by social convention. The relationship between Catherine and Heathcliff is an exception to this...while, ultimately, one Thrushcroff Grange attracts Catherine, and thusly leads her to stray from her true nature. It is difficult to separate the character from the author, noting that the author's childhood was basically isolated and gloomy, and Catherine herself, is a truly private individual. It is this sense of privacy, in my opinion, that supersedes any other factor throughout the story. To understand this sense of inwardness, one must explore the novel itself. The story begins in the early 1800's (c. 1801) and one Mr. Lockwood removed from the narrative. The novel begins to take shape, only after some degree of reading, when we realize what is happening at Wuthering Heights in conjunction with Thrushcroff Grange. Soon afterwards, Nelly Dean makes her appearance, while she herself is somewhat unpreceptible. Overall, content and structure is rather fractured, although a so-called Satanic hero begins to emerge as a creature of darkness as well as rebellion and passion. Conversely, pressures on Heathcliff are internal. Results of his life emanate from his orphan years in Liverpool and his horrific treatment at Wuthering Heights. The author underscores the violence and darkness of man...even to such a primal and universal degree that it is impossible to overcome. In the beginning, Mr. Lockwood visits his landlord. He is a new tenant at Thrushcroff Grange and find s himself to be most unwelcome. His treatment by the landlord, Mr. Heathcliff, the servants, and even the dogs is less than welcoming. Heathcliff is something of a paradox. He exhibits the manners of country squire, urbane and handsome although aloof and private. Wuthering Heights itself is basically an old farmhouse and its namesake comes from the weather which it has had to endure. Overall, I found this book to be extremely personal, and almost eccentric. By eccentric, I mean the views that are put forth are very private and even difficult to understand.

Balance in the administration of justice

The term justice refers to canal provision of rights to every citizen in a given century. This concerns equal distribution and proper allocation of good things like wealth, and power. For a country to have justice in practice, people should be governed by laws which are well defined in a constitution. Such laws assures citizens freedom in all their activities for instance, one can have a freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom of movement among others. Through justice, one should have a right of access of any requirement like medical care, job opportunities, education and also settlement.At the same time, a country should ensure retributive of justice which mainly deals with rights response to law violators. This is facilitated by penalties administered to wrong doing. The major issues concerning legal environment in which justice and security administration operates includes natural laws which involves the system of results which naturally deserves from any action or choice. For every action taking place, there must be an equal opposite reaction which makes administration of justice to be universal and absolute concept.Authority in command is another environment in which justice operates. The country formulates rules and regulations which governs the people. Whatever is not allowed in the rules is termed as injustice. The state than has the mandate to administer the rules to the people concerned through its authority to command. Justice should also operate under mutual agreement of everyone concerned. For this case, the formulation of laws in a country should not favor any group. The biasness leads to unequal administration of justice which in turn can lead to imbalance in the state.The issue of fairness should be considered where by each person should have equal right to the whole system of equal basic liberties compatible with a similar system of liberty for all. The least advantaged should have fare equality of opportunity to social and economic ineq ualities. Right history plays a major role especially in ownership of property. Each individual should be entitled to having the right kind of history be it from just acquisition especially by working or unowned things or just transfer, from sale or free gift but not from unlawful means like grabbing and stealing.Retributivism is another issue concerning legal environment which justice operates. It involves dealing with justice violators. For instance when one is denies his/her right, that should be reported to authority for necessary steps to be taken. Wrong doing should be balanced/made good which is achieved through punishment administration. Justice administration should portray a high independency in investigation of truth. For instance, during judgments, the lawyers and magistrates should not be bias but drill on truth of the matter to know the reality of a phenomenon.Joint terrorism task force is another area where justice and security administration operates which is a small cell of highly trained, locally based argent for law enforcement in monitoring and investigating terrorists. Obscenity prosecution task force is another field of justice and security operation which deals with protection of American’s families and children through being involved in their nation’s obscenity laws.Assistance to victims of crime, prisoners and ex-offenders and also women from domestic violence is guaranteed by organization of faith based and community initiatives task force in US through provision of funding opportunities within the federal government. Violence in schools has been prevented by the department of justice and department of education through provision of guide to help schools and communities to educate each other on safeguarding their children. Drug abuse is another issue which has affected the communities’ development.This has been prevented through mobilization of citizens, use of policing strategies and to school children, through u se of after school recreation program. Voting is another area, where justice and security should be exercised. Every citizen is allowed by the law to freely choose the leader he/she requires without any influence. Justice also prohibits interference with access to reproductive health clinics or places of religions worship. Such should be accessible to every citizen. The changes in technology and mass communication has posed a positive effect administration of justice and security.Such includes establishment of the police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 A century ago before introduction by the police and criminal evidence, police used to interview suspects generally through transcription of questions and answers from memory. This led to recommendation of gradual introduction of audio recording of police interrogation in police stations which facilitated subordinate legislation to be drafted in such away to leave the rules regulating the police in the exercise of their investigative po wers, including interview recording with suspects.Advancement in technology has also led to public awareness of the laid down regulations through use of medias, law books and magazines. This enables the citizens to learn about the new rules and adhere to them appropriately. Technology and mass communication has led to revolution in telecommunications technology since 1978. If changed from making of calls on a wire and almost all transoceanic communications in radio communications to today’s technology which has reversed, as mot long-haul communications are on wire and local calls often travel by air.Other wholly new methods are also in place today like use of cell phones and e-mail which were not popular in 1970s. These new developments in technology play a vital role in restoring of security in different parts of world because information is acquired immediately after. Use of detection methods has contributed highly in maintenance of justice and security. This is acquired th rough use of well trained groups like intelligence groups who can be able to acquire a certain information before the disaster occurs.Change in technology and mass communication on the other hand can have negative effects in justice and security in that, for instance in times of world wide crisis, direct conveyance of first hand information can lead to incitation into other parts, hence lead to more damages. Technology also enables violators to use advanced destructive methods like bombings as for the case in US 1987 bombing Technological change also enabled citizens to know about the democracy. This automatically ruled out the traditional dictatorship leaderships and opened people’s mind to learn about their rights.The issues involved with individual rights versus the needs of the justice system should be balanced to maintain order and public safety. This has been achieved through regulating rules which are not bias to certain group of citizens. For instance, the right of sp eech should be available to every citizen. This enables everyone to express his/her self everywhere in the country. Every citizen is also entitled to a freedom of religion. A government should not decide on where and who people should worship but this should be based according to their faith.Assemble is another individual right whereby citizens should congregate anywhere and address their issues. The laws formulated by the government should abide to such rights for maintenance of order and security. Every citizen should be entitled to right of press in order to express his/her issues to others. The laws should not forbid this right because not unless one expresses himself, the shortcomings in the citizens cannot be known to the government. Voting is another issue whereby an individual should decide wisely on who to elect.In case of any malpractice, this can result to disagreement among the citizens hence lead to civil war in the country. Education opportunities should be available t o every citizen in the country. This should be achieved through provision of similar education system of the same quality to all students irrespective of poor or rich families. Health facility is another issue which should be available to every citizen. In order to balance this issue with the justice system, the government should have well stipulated laws allowing free acquisition of medical care to the aged and the children.Employment opportunity is another issue which should be available to every citizen. The provision of this aspect should be justified according to ones qualification. The government should ensure this through setting rules to guide the concerned bodies of employment distribution. Disabled citizens should be treated like any other individual. The government should ensure they are given the first priority in issues like employment opportunities. Equal protection should be available to every citizen.Such protection should be under the law which ensures security to c itizens either from assaults or injury by fellow citizens. This represents the right to live surveillance free and not to be identified as a suspect or to live suspiciously. The issue making decision about ones choice should be available to every citizen. For instance one should decide on marriage and reproduction which should be guarded by law and order. There should be provision of justice in issues of inheritance. This should occur after death of ones mate whereby his/her wealth should be inherited by the one who is left back.The issue of privacy should be observed as an individual right to every citizen. The law should ensure people’s security in their persons, honses and effects, against unreasonable searches. Another issue includes trial by jury. When one has been arrested, he should be proved guilty through trial. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused should enjoy the right to a speed and public trial and be notified. About the nature of cause of accusation; to be confronted with the witness against him to have a compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor and look for help for his defense.Cruel or unusual punishment is another issue which should be justified by the law to ensure public safety and order. Once an individual has been arrested the issue of demanding excessive bail should not be practiced. Such an individual should be judged and if proved guilty, required punishment should be undertaken without imposing excessive fines or inflicting cruel and unusual punishments which in turn can lead to total harm to the victim. The issue of right to own and enjoy property has been an important aspect of human right.The law should justify that no individual should be deprived of either life, liberty or property without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public usage and yet there is no compensation from the government. Such property include land, among others. References: Washburne G,(1923). Imperial control of the Administration of justice in the thirteen American colonies,1984-1776. New York. Brussels P, (12/9/2002). Finding the Balance. Cittation from internet. http://www. crisisgroup. org/